Características manométricas en niños con estreñimiento crónico y patología anorrectal adquirida / Manometric characteristics in children with chronic constipation and acquired anorectal pathology

Objetivos: Describir los resultados de las manometrías anorrectales (MAR) en pacientes pediátricos con estreñimiento crónico y patología anorrectal adquirida. Materiales y métodos: Se revisaron los expedientes de pacientes pediátricos referidos entre 2004 y 2016 al Laboratorio de Motilidad Gastrointestinal del Hospital San José Tec de Monterrey para evaluación por manometría anorrectal y que presentaron patología anorrectal adquirida. Resultados: Se revisaron 170 expedientes. Edad 7,18 ± 4,51 años. La prevalencia de patología anorrectal (PA) fue de 73%. Síntomas con mayor incidencia: dificultad para evacuar (78%), dolor al evacuar (67%), heces duras (50%) e incontinencia fecal asociado (49%). El 44% de los pacientes con esfínter anal externo (EAE) hipotónico presentaron incontinencia y 74% estos últimos, presentaron menor volumen máximo tolerable (VMT). Los valores manométricos con mayor significancia: presión en reposo del EAE (promedio ± DE) 14,16 ± 10,19 en PA y de 26,08 ± 13,65 en SPA; presión en contracción del EAE 48,4 ± 34,1 en PA y 68,3 ± 37,7 en SPA; VMT 120,8 ± 60,4 en PA y de 173,2 ± 78,0 en SPA. El 97,97% de los pacientes en los que se evaluó la coordinación abdomino-pélvica tuvieron disinergia del piso pélvico. Conclusiones: A diferencia de la población adulta, los valores manométricos de niños con patología anorrectal se encontraron dentro de rangos normales excepto por el EAE y el VMT los cuales estuvieron disminuidos. Esto puede sugerir un mecanismo diferente en la población pediátrica. La disinergia del piso pélvico podría explicar el estreñimiento crónico en estos pacientes.

Objective: To describe the anorectal manometry results in the pediatric population with chronic constipation and acquired anorectal disease. Materials and methods: We reviewed the records of children who were referred to the Motility and Pelvic Floor Laboratory of the Hospital San Jose Tecnologico de Monterrey between 2004-2016 for further evaluation with anorectal manometry and who presented acquired anorectal disease. Results: We reviewed 170 records. The mean age was 7.18 ± 4.51 years old. The prevalence of anorectal disease was 73%. The symptoms more frequently presented were difficult evacuation (78%), painful defecation (67%), large and hard stool (50%) and fecal soiling (49%). 44% of patients with hypotonic external anal sphincter (EAS) presented with soiling and 74% of those had diminished critical volume. Significant manometric values (p<0.05) were EAS resting pressure, maximal squeeze pressure, and critical volume. 97.7% of those who underwent abdomino pelvic coordination evaluation had pelvic floor dyssynergia (anismus). Conclusions: Contrary to adult population, the manometric values in children with acquire anorectal pathology were within normal values except for the EAS resting pressure and critical volume that were diminished. This could suggest a different mechanism in the pediatric population. Pelvic floor dyssynergia could explain chronic constipation in these patients.

Lesões anorretais em pacientes HIV positivos usuários de terapia anti-retroviral de alta efetividade / Anorrectal lesions in HIV-positive patients using highly active antiretroviral therapy

As lesões anorretais são comuns nos pacientes positivos para o vírus da imunodeficiência humana. A terapia antirretroviral de alta efetividade tem pouca influência na progressão das neoplasias anais. Estudou-se a prevalência das lesões anorretais em 88 pacientes HIV positivos atendidos no serviço de doenças infecto-parasitárias do Hospital Universitário de Brasília, em uso de terapia antirretroviral de alta efetividade. Dados sócio-demográficos foram coletados usando um questionário pré-elaborado e os pacientes foram submetidos a exame proctológico. Cerca de 71 por cento relataram coito anal e 30,7 por cento estavam em uso de inibidor de protease. A prevalência das lesões anorretais foi 36,4 por cento, sendo as mais freqüentes: condiloma acuminado e fissura anal. O condiloma acuminado foi a lesão anorretal mais prevalente e teve associação com o uso de lopinavir/ritonavir. Sugere-se o rastreamento das lesões anorretais causadas pelo papilomavírus humano nos pacientes HIV positivos/AIDS em uso de inibidor de protease.

Anorectal lesions are common in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) has little influence on the progression of anal neoplasms. The prevalence of anorectal lesions in 88 HIV-positive patients attended at the infectious diseases service of the University Hospital of Brasília who were using HAART was studied. Sociodemographic data were collected using a pre-prepared questionnaire and then the patients underwent proctological examination. Around 71 percent of the patients said they practiced anal intercourse. 30.7 percent were using a protease inhibitor. The prevalence of anorectal lesions was 36.4 percent, and condyloma acuminata and anal fissure were the most frequent of these. Condyloma acuminata was the most prevalent anorectal lesion and was strongly associated with the use of lopinavir/ritonavir. Screening for anorectal lesions caused by human papillomavirus in HIV/AIDS patients who use protease inhibitors is suggested.